The Philippines’ Modernization Imperative: From Internal Security to Archipelagic Defense The Armed Forces of the Philippines (AFP) has historically focused on internal security challenges such as insurgencies and terrorism, with limited investment in external defense capabilities. This internal orientation, coupled with outdated equipment, left the country vulnerable to external threats. However, recent developments in … Continue reading The Philippines’ Evolving Defense Posture: New Naval Bases, US Alliance, and South China Sea Dynamics